Research / Cycle phases & the fertile window

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Cycle phases & the fertile window

Cycle tracking only means something if the phase boundaries are drawn from real data, not a rule of thumb. Here's what Little Greenhouse's phase logic is actually built on.

Hormone patterns by phase

Estrogen rises through the follicular phase toward ovulation; progesterone dominates the luteal phase, with both dropping before menses — the basis for how the app frames each cycle phase.

The fertile window

Defined as roughly the five days before ovulation through the day of ovulation itself, based on the foundational study tracking real conception timing against ovulation.

A newer way to estimate phase from symptoms alone

A March 2026 preprint describes a model that infers which of the four cycle phases someone is in purely from self-reported daily symptoms — the same kind of data a tracking app already collects — validated against real hormone assays (LH, estradiol, progesterone) as ground truth, rather than calendar-day counting alone. This is a preprint and has not yet been peer-reviewed, so it’s noted here as an early, promising direction, not an adopted method.

Common questions

Why five days before ovulation, not longer?

Sperm can survive in the reproductive tract for up to five days, while the egg is viable for about 24 hours after ovulation — so the fertile window research-backed length reflects sperm survival time, not a rounder number.

Does the app assume every cycle is 28 days?

No — phase boundaries are calculated from your own logged cycle length and ovulation signals, not a fixed 28-day assumption.

References
  1. Stricker R, et al. Extensive monitoring of the natural menstrual cycle using the serum biomarkers estradiol, LH and progesterone. PMC8042396
  2. Wilcox AJ, Weinberg CR, Baird DD. Timing of Sexual Intercourse in Relation to Ovulation. N Engl J Med, 1995. nejm.org
  3. Johns Hopkins Medicine. Calculating Your Monthly Fertility Window. hopkinsmedicine.org
  4. Self-Reported Symptoms Enable Four-Phase Menstrual Cycle Classification with Hormonally Validated Labels. medRxiv preprint, March 2026. Not yet peer-reviewed. DOI: 10.64898/2026.03.31.26349766

See how Cycle phases tracking actually works in the app

Little Greenhouse is still finishing its way to Google Play.

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